As the push for sustainable practices intensifies, fleet operators face crucial decisions regarding alternative fuels. Propane and electric vehicles (EVs) are the two pre-eminent options. Understanding where these fuels intersect and how they will impact fleet operations in the coming years is essential for making informed choices.

Propane, particularly for Class 4-7 trucks and buses, offers a "no compromise" solution. It provides versatility with minimal impact on payload and range, comparable to traditional fuels. Propane is abundant, ensuring stable fuel prices and significant savings.

Advantages of Propane for Fleet Operations

Proven technology makes propane a reliable option. The alternative-fuel industry has evolved significantly, offering extensive data and proven solutions. Fleet operators can make confident decisions backed by concrete information and peer experiences.

Electric vehicles, while improving, primarily serve lighter-duty categories. EVs like Ford's Lightning and E-Transit are suitable for municipal and last-mile fleets where range and payload are less critical. However, EVs' zero tailpipe emissions do not equate to zero overall emissions.

The electricity generation process, especially in coal-dependent regions, can negate some environmental benefits. In fact, there are some states where a fleet would be better off running a diesel truck based on how the electricity is generated.

Considerations for Choosing Between Alternative Fuels

Fleet operators must consider various factors when choosing between alternative fuels: vehicle class, range, payload, infrastructure, and available grants. Case studies and peer experiences provide valuable insights. For example, compressed natural gas (CNG) is a proven domestic energy source, yet its popularity has waned amid the EV buzz.

Hydrogen fuel cells, despite their potential, face high costs and are likely to be viable for class 8 trucks in the long term due to the necessary infrastructure and mileage justification.

For fleet operators mandated to reduce emissions, the first step is to consult OEM partners and local Clean Cities. These entities offer access to technology providers and peer fleets. For those considering propane, ROUSH CleanTech provides tools and 3 billion miles of data to evaluate available options. Operators should use this data and total cost of ownership assessments to showcase the most practical technology, considering both propane and EVs, especially if incentives are available.

Charging times for electric trucks vary based on battery capacity and charger types. The emission and size footprint of charging stations depends on the duty cycle, number of vehicles, and state-specific electricity carbon intensity. Some, like South Carolina (nuclear) or Vermont (hydro), provide very clean power. At the same time, the majority of the country still has a long way to go to produce clean and reliable electricity for transportation.

Propane fuel stations offer flexible solutions, from small skid-mounted systems (the size of two parking spaces) to large tanks for extensive deployments (similar in size to a conventional fuel station). Propane's non-toxic nature allows for underground tank installation, saving space. Propane fueling requires minimal energy, and off-grid options provide added resilience.

Both fuels offer viable paths toward sustainability, with propane providing immediate versatility and EVs holding future potential as technology advances. By leveraging available resources and data, operators can make informed decisions that align with environmental goals and operational needs for 2024 and beyond.

About the Author: Todd Mouw is executive vice president for ROUSH CleanTech, an advanced fuel system technology industry leader. Mouw has served as president of NTEA's Green Truck Association and is currently a Board member of NTEA. This article was authored and edited according to WT editorial standards and style. Opinions expressed may not reflect that of WT.